Namespace Management

Introduction

The default Kiali installation (as mentioned in the Installation guide) gives Kiali access to all namespaces available in the cluster.

It is possible to restrict Kiali to a set of desired namespaces by providing a list of the ones you want, excluding the ones you don’t want. You can also filter namespaces by using Istio’s discovery selectors. You can use a combination of these options together.

Accessible Namespaces

The “accessible namespaces” setting configures which namespaces are accessible to the Kiali server itself. The accessible namespaces are defined by a list of regex expressions that match against the namespace names visible to the Kiali operator. If left unset, the Kiali server will be given access to all namespaces in the cluster.

The list of accessible namespaces is specified in the Kiali CR via the accessible_namespaces setting, under the main deployment section. As an example, if Kiali is to be installed in the istio-system namespace, and is expected to monitor all namespaces prefixed with mycorp_, the setting would be:

spec:
  deployment:
    accessible_namespaces:
    - istio-system
    - mycorp_.*

When you set accessible_namespaces to a list of namespaces as the example above illustrates, by default the operator will create a Role for each accessible namespace. Each Role will be assigned to the Kiali Service Account thus providing Kiali permissions to those namespaces. To change that default behavior, deployment.cluster_wide_access can be set to true. This will tell the operator not to create these Roles and just create a single ClusterRole and assign it to the Kiali Server (see below).

Note that the namespaces declared here (including any regex expressions) are evaluated and discovered by the operator at install time. Namespaces that do not exist at the time of install will not be accessible to Kiali until the operator has a chance to reconcile the Kiali CR (which should happen fairly quickly after the new namespace is created). Adding the new namespace to the list of accessible_namespaces will also trigger the operator to reconcile the Kiali CR. When the operator reconciles the Kiali CR, the necessary Role will be created giving the Kiali Server access to the new namespace.

As mentioned earlier, if you leave accessible_namespaces unset, this denotes that the Kiali server is given access to all namespaces in the cluster, including any namespaces that are created in the future. If you do this, individual Roles are not created per namespace; instead a single ClusterRole is created and assigned to the Kiali Service Account thus providing Kiali access to all namespaces in the cluster.

spec:
  deployment: {}

When installing multiple Kiali instances into a single cluster, accessible_namespaces must be mutually exclusive. In other words, a namespace set must be matched by only one Kiali CR. Regular expressions must not have overlapping patterns.

Maistra supports multi-tenancy and the accessible_namespaces extends that feature to Kiali. However, explicit naming of accessible namespaces can benefit non-Maistra installations as well - with it Kiali does not need cluster roles and the Kiali Operator does not need permissions to create cluster roles.

Istio Discovery Selectors

In Istio’s MeshConfig, you can provide a list of discovery selectors that Istio will consider when processing namespaces. The Kiali server will also utilize these same discovery selectors when determining which namespaces to make available to users. Therefore, these discovery selectors work in conjunction with the accessible_namespaces setting. The accessible_namespaces setting dictates which namespaces are accessible to the Kiali Server, and hence to users of Kiali. The Istio discovery selectors tell Kiali to make available to users those namespaces within the accessible_namespaces list. So discovery selectors are a subset of accessible_namespaces.

Included Namespaces

When accessible_namespaces is unset, you can still limit the namespaces a user will see in Kiali. The api.namespaces.include setting allows you to configure the subset of namespaces that Kiali will show the user. This list is specified in a way similar to accessible_namespaces, as a list of namespaces that can include regex patterns. The difference is that this list is processed by the server, not the operator, each time the list of namespaces needs to be obtained by Kiali. This means it will handle namespaces that exist when Kiali is installed, or namespaces created later.

spec:
  api:
    namespaces:
      include:
      - istio-system
      - mycorp_.*
  deployment: {}

Note that this setting is merely a filter and does not provide security in any way.

Excluded Namespaces

The api.namespaces.exclude setting configures namespaces to exclude from being shown to the user. This setting can be used both when accessible_namespaces is unset or set to an explicit list of namespaces. It can also be used regardless of whether api.namespaces.include is defined. The exclude filter has precedence - if a namespace matches any regex pattern defined for api.namespaces.exclude, it will not be shown in Kiali. Like api.namespaces.include, the exclude setting is only a filter and does not provide security in any way.

For example, if the accessible_namespaces configuration includes mycorp_.* but it is not desirable to see test namespaces, the following configuration can be used:

spec:
  api:
    namespaces:
      exclude:
      - mycorp_test.*
  deployment:
    accessible_namespaces:
    - istio-system
    - mycorp_.*

Namespace Selectors

In addition to the Include and Exclude lists (as explained above), Kiali supports optional Kubernetes label selectors for both including and excluding namespaces.

The include label selector is defined in the Kiali CR setting api.namespaces.label_selector_include.

The exclude label selector is defined in the Kiali CR setting api.namespaces.label_selector_exclude.

The example below selects all namespaces that have a label kiali-enabled: true:

spec:
  api:
    namespaces:
      label_selector_include: kiali-enabled=true
  deployment: {}

The example below hides all namespaces that have a label infrastructure: system:

spec:
  api:
    namespaces:
      label_selector_exclude: infrastructure=system

Important Note About label_selector_include

It is very important to understand how the api.namespaces.label_selector_include setting is used when deployment.accessible_namespaces is set to an explicit list of namespaces versus when it is unset.

When accessible_namespaces is unset then label_selector_include simply provides a filter just like api.namespaces.include. The difference is that label_selector_include filters by namespace label whereas include filters by namespace name. Thus, label_selector_include provides an additional way to limit which namespaces the Kiali user will see when accessible_namespaces is unset.

It is recommended to leave label_selector_include unset when accessible_namespaces is set to an explicit list of namespaces. This is because the operator adds the configured label (name and value) to each namespace defined by accessible_namespaces. This allows the Kiali code to use the label_selector_include value to easily select all of the accessible_namespaces. Unless you have a good reason to customize, the default value is highly recommended in this scenario.

For further information on how this api.namespaces.label_selector_include interacts with deployment.accessible_namespaces read the Kiali CR Reference documentation.

Soft Multi-Tenancy

When deploying multiple control planes in the same cluster, the label_selector_include’s value must be unique to each control plane. This allows each Kiali instance to select only the namespaces relevant to each control plane. Thus you can have multiple control planes in the same cluster, with each control plane having its own Kiali instance. In this “soft-multitenancy” mode, deployment.accessible_namespaces is typically set to an explicit set of namespaces. In that case, you do not have to do anything with this label_selector_include because the default value of label_selector_include is kiali.io/member-of: <spec.istio_namespace>. If you set your own Kiali instance name in the Kiali CR (i.e. you set deployment.instance_name to something other than kiali), then the default will be kiali.io/<spec.deployment.instance_name>.member-of: <spec.istio_namespace>.